June 2025: Science History from 50, 100 and 150 Years Ago

1975: Slavery by Ants Is Self-Destructive

Ants have long been known for their complex social structures, but their use of slave labor is a fascinating example of evolutionary adaptation. At least 35 species of ants rely on enslaved workers from other colonies to maintain their survival. These ants have developed highly specialized techniques for raiding and capturing their prey. However, this system is not without its consequences. Over time, the colonies that depend on slavery become increasingly dependent on their slaves, leading to a decline in their ability to conduct raids. This evolutionary path highlights the delicate balance between cooperation and survival in the animal kingdom.

1975: Tornado Outbreak Largest on Record

One of the most significant weather events in history occurred in 1975, when a massive tornado outbreak swept across the United States and Canada. This event, which took place between April 3 and 5, resulted in over 148 tornadoes, the highest number on record. The outbreak caused widespread destruction, with 315 fatalities and 5,484 injuries. The Fujita-Pearson scale, developed by Theodore Fujita, was instrumental in categorizing the intensity of these tornadoes. The scale, which ranges from 0 to 5, provides a framework for understanding the destructive power of these natural disasters.

1925: Vacation Fun with Mud Dwellers

Traveling can often be a source of boredom, but science offers a way to make vacations more engaging. Exploring the natural world through the lens of science can reveal fascinating discoveries. For example, studying the microscopic life in mud and water can provide insights into the hidden world of protozoa and other tiny organisms. These creatures, though invisible to the naked eye, play a crucial role in the ecosystem. With a microscope, travelers can uncover the wonders of the microscopic world during their breaks from the hustle and bustle of daily life.

1925: The Science of Clouds and Storms

Understanding the sky and weather is an essential part of scientific exploration. Clouds, in particular, are a subject of great interest. By studying the formation and behavior of clouds, scientists can gain insights into atmospheric conditions. This knowledge is not only valuable for meteorology but also for predicting weather patterns. The study of clouds and storms has evolved over time, with modern technology providing new tools for observation and analysis.

1875: White Ants Destroy Saint Helena

The introduction of invasive species can have devastating consequences. In the 1870s, white ants were brought to Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean, where they began to wreak havoc on the local ecosystem. These ants, identified as termes tenuis, were originally from South America. Over time, they destroyed the entire town of Jamestown, consuming not only buildings but also books and other materials. The impact of this invasive species highlights the importance of monitoring and managing non-native organisms in sensitive environments.

1875: The Rise of Gas Cooking

The 19th century saw significant advancements in household technology, including the development of gas-burning cooking stoves. In 1875, B. Giles of Blackheath, England, invented a stove that claimed to cook delicate dishes without imparting any flavor from combustion. This innovation marked a step forward in kitchen technology, offering a cleaner and more efficient way to prepare meals. The use of gas in cooking has since evolved, with modern stoves incorporating advanced features for safety and performance.